"Hei ootsä menos syömään?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The verb olla has its colloquial forms: olet → oot. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Verbien persoonataivutus ja pikapuhemuodot.​
2. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in spoken language. However, there are multiple ways how. In second singular (so called sinä-questions) the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: oot+sä menos syömään / tuut+sä kokoukseen / meet+sä kauppaan?
   • Also, you can hear that this is a question because of the word order: Sä oot menos syömään (= declarative sentence) vs Oot sä menos syömään? (= interrogative sentence).​
3. Personal pronouns have colloquial forms, like sinä is replaced with sä in the example above. However, this depends on the dialect and other variations could be sie or sää.​ Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are frequently used in colloquial speech.
4. The locative cases shorten in colloquial Finnish. In this example inessive -ssa/-ssä is dropping two final letters: menossa → menos.

"Onpa pahaa kahvia!"

"Tuoksuupa hyvältä!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The clitic (= liitepartikkeli) -pa/-pä is attached to the end of the word to add additional nuance or subtlety to the overall sentence meaning. In the first example, using the ending makes the argument stronger.
2. Using the clitic -pa/-pä adds the additional nuance of surprise or amazement in the second phrase.

"Hei osaatsä auttaa? Miten tää mikro toimii?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in spoken language. However, there are multiple ways how. In second singular (so called sinä-questions) the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: osaat+sä auttaa / tuut+sä kokoukseen / meet+sä kauppaan.
2. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.

"Tää kahviautomaatti on taas rikki."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.
   • Generally, the demonstrative pronouns are used more frequently in colloquial Finnish. Check the video on Kielibuusti’s Youtube channel for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.

"Onks nää puhtait vai likasii?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in colloquial language, in this example to -ks: onko → onks.
2. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like nämä is replaced with nää in the example.
3. In colloquial Finnish verbs following the pronouns ne, nämä and nuo, are conjugating in the third person singular instead of the plural: nämä ovat → nämä on.
4. Generally, words shorten in colloquial Finnish. This often happens when the final vowel is -a or -ä, in this case vowel -a is dropped: puhtaita → puhtait. 
5. Sometimes vowel sequences -ia/-iä and -ea/-eä in the end of the word lose the -a/-ä and double the i or e: likaisia → likaisii, kieliä → kielii, vaikea → vaikee.

"Miks kukaan ei ikinä haluu tyhjentää tätä?​"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. In colloquial Finnish, words are very often shortened by dropping vowels at the end of the word: miksi → miks. 
2. Sometimes vowel sequences ending in -a/-ä in the end of the word can assimilate resulting in a long vowel: halua → haluu.

"Hei mis tääl on haarukoit?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The locative cases often shorten in colloquial Finnish. In this example inessive -ssa/-ssä and adessive -lla/-llä are both dropping two final letters: missä → mis, täällä → tääl.
2. In colloquial Finnish, words are very often shortened by dropping vowels at the end of the word: haarukoita → haarukoit.

"Meneeks tää sekajätteeseen vai kartonkiin? Tiätsä mihin tää pitää laittaa?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in colloquial language, in the first case to -ks: meneekö → meneeks. In second singular (so called sinä-questions) the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: tiätsä. In colloquial speech -d sounds are sometimes lost resulting forms like tiiä-, tiä- or tie-: tiedät → tiiät/tiät/tiet + kö + sinä → tiiät+sä/tiät+sä/tiet+sä.
2. Tietsä and tiekkö are sometimes used as filler words the same way as in English “you know”.
3. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.

"Onks tää biojätettä?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in colloquial language, in this example to -ks: onko → onks.
2. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.

"Hyi, tää biojäte haisee!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Hyi is an interjection used to express disgust or disdain, like English “yuck” or “ew”.
2. The demonstrative pronouns have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.

"Ootko sä menossa siihen iltapäivän kokoukseen / huomiseen palaveriin?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja deomonstratiivipronominit puhekielessä.​
2. Finnish does not have definite or indefinite articles. However, in colloquial speech the pronoun se is sometimes used like a definite article, similar to the definite article “the” in English: söin sen sun tuoman kakun / soitin sille opelle / meetsä siihen iltapäivän kokoukseen.

"Hei sulla oli tosi hyvä esitys!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Minulla on -sentence structure indicates possession (= omistuslause) and pronouns have their colloquial variants: sinulla → sulla.

"Hirvee kiire koko ajan."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Sometimes vowel sequences -ia/-iä and -ea/-eä in the end of the word lose the a/ä and double the i or e: hirveä → hirvee, likaisia → likaisii, kieliä → kielii, vaikea → vaikee.

"Mitä sä teit viikonloppuna?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.

"Harmi että loma loppu jo."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The final -i of the diphthongs can be dropped: loppui → loppu.

"Oli kyllä ihana loma!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The word kyllä is used to emphasize and make the statement stronger.
2. Keep in mind that the usage of kyllä varies: 1. ikävä kyllä = unfortunately yes, 2. no ei kyllä käy = well no, that won´t do, 3. oli kyllä ihana loma = it was indeed a lovely vacation. In these examples, kyllä serves different functions, emphasizing affirmation, denial, or reinforcing a statement's sentiment.

"Mitä sä oot tekemässä kesälomalla / jouluna / vappuna / pääsiäisenä / talvilomalla?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.
2. The verb olla has its colloquial forms: olet → oot. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Verbien persoonataivutus ja pikapuhemuodot.

"Katoitko eilen Suomi-Brasilia-pelin / futista / lätkää / hiihtoa?"

"Meinaatko kattoo matsin tänään / jääkiekko-ottelun / hiihtokilpailun?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The consonant compounds often change in colloquial speech. In the first -ts changes to -t and in the second one to -tt: katsoitko → katoitko, katsoa → kattoo.​
2. Sometimes vowel sequences ending in -a/-ä in the end of the word can assimilate resulting in a long vowel: katsoa → kattoo.
3. Loan words are popular in colloquial speech: football → futis, a match → matsi.
4. Colloquial use of vocabulary:​
   • Lätkä = jääkiekko. Fun fact: lätkä also means the puck.​
   • Meinata: 
     1. aikoa, suunnitella = plan to, intend to: Meinaatko mennä niihin Julian juhliin? = Are you planning to go to Julia´s party? 
     2. tarkoittaa; arvella, ajatella = to mean: Mitä sä meinaat? = What do you mean?

"Mikäs on sun Euroviisusuosikki tänä vuonna?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. When added to the end of interrogative words, like "mikä" or "millä", the clitic (= liitepartikkeli) -s adds a tone of familiarity to the question.
2. The colloquial genitive forms mun and sun are commonly used in spoken Finnish. Sometimes, these are combined with possessive suffixes, although in second singular, the final -i in the suffix might be omitted: sun kirjas. However, it is quite common to omit the possessive suffixes entirely in speech, relying only mun and sun for indicating possesion: mun kahvi, sun kirja.

"Siis mä en kestä sitä yhtä Euroviisubiisiä!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The word siis can be used at the beginning of an exclamation to express eagerness or a sense of enthusiasm.
2. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.
3. Colloquial use of words: biisi = kappale = a song.
4. Finnish does not have definite or indefinite articles. However, in colloquial speech the pronoun se is sometimes used like a definite article, similar to the definite article “the” in English: en kestä sitä sun siskoa / söin sen sun tuoman kakun / soitin sille opelle / meetsä siihen iltapäivän kokoukseen.

"Hei mä olin muuten eilen tosi kivalla keikalla!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. At the beginning of a sentence, the particle hei is used as a focus particle (= huomionkohdistin) to draw attention to something important or noteworthy.
2. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. . Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.
3. Muuten is used as a discourse marker to draw attention to something that is about to be said.

"Seuraatko sä politiikkaa?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.

"Ootsä käyny jo äänestämässä?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The verb olla has its colloquial forms: olet → oot.
2. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in spoken language. However, there are multiple ways how. In second singular (so called sinä-questions) the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: oot-ko → oot-sä. ​
3. The final -t of the past participle -nut/-nyt can be dropped: käynyt → käyny.

"Milläs sä tuut yliopistolle?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. When added to the end of interrogative words, like "mikä" or "millä", the clitic (= liitepartikkeli) -s adds a tone of familiarity to the question: millä+s?​
2. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.
3. The verb tulla has colloquial variations also known as verbien pikapuhemuodot. For example, tulet becomes tuut in informal speech, with the stem changing from tule- to tuu-. Check the video by Kielibuusti for more info: Verbien pikapuhemuodot.

"Juna oli tänään ihan täynnä."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The intensifier ihan can be used in two ways. It tends to diminish the intensity of positive adjectives while strengthening that of negative ones: ihan hyvä ‘fairly good’ vs ihan hirvee ‘really bad’.

"Tänään oli kyl aamulla ihan törkeen kylmä."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Kyllä and shortened kyl are used to emphasize and make the statement stronger.  ​
2. The intensifier ihan can be used in two ways. 
   • It diminishes the intensity of some basic positive adjectives while strengthening that of negative ones: ihan hyvä ‘fairly good’, ihan kiva 'fairly nice', ihan hieno 'pretty nice', ihan mukava 'quite nice', ihan ookoo 'pretty ok'.
   • When it is used next to a very positive or negative adjectives, it strengthens the meaning: ihan hirvee 'really awful', ihan kamala 'really horrible', ihan sairas 'totally weird' or ihan huippu 'the top', ihan mieletön 'totally great', ihan paras 'the best of the best'. This is why it wouldn't work to say for example  *ihan upee, because upee (upea, 'gorgeous') means something very positive.
   • ihan can also be used in a chain of intensifiers: ihan sairaan hieno 'super cool', ihan hirveän huono 'totally bad', ihan törkeen kylmä 'super cold'. Remember to put the second intensifier in the genitive case (-n). You can read more about the use of ihan and how to replace it from this blog post by Hanna Männikkölahti.
3. Colloquial use of an adjective törkeä is used to emphasize. Also, sometimes vowel sequences -ia/-iä and -ea/-eä in the end of the word lose the a/ä and double the i or e: törkeän → törkeen.

"Ihana ilma tänään! Vihdoinki aurinko paistaa!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The adverb vihdoin is frequently used with the clitic -kin that indicates the positivity of the statement. The ending can be used in both standard and colloquial language.​
2. Words ending in -n often shorten: vihdoinkin → vihdoinki, eilen → eile, ollaan → ollaa, en → e, onkin → onki.

"Eile oli kyllä iha hirvee sää."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Words ending in -n often shorten: vihdoinkin → vihdoinki, eilen → eile, ollaan → ollaa, en → e, ihan → iha.
2. The intensifiers (= vahvistussana) kyllä and ihan are used to make the statement stronger.
3. Sometimes vowel sequences -ia/-iä and -ea/-eä in the end of the word lose the a/ä and double the i or e: hirveä → hirvee.

"Ai, onko sullaki kissa?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Discourse markers, like ai in the example, are used to show interest and reaction: ai with an excited intonation indicates surprise.
2. Words ending in -n often shorten. The clitic (= liitepartikkeli) -kin shortens and will drop the final -n: -kin → -ki. In this example the meaning is myös “as well”.
3. The personal pronouns have colloquial variants: sinulla → sulla.

"Mikä sen nimi on? Kuinka vanha se on?​"

"Tosi kiva paita! Mistä toi on?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Tosi is a colloquial intensifier, more formal would be todella or erittäin.
2. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tuo is replaced with toi in the example.

"Hei sullon uus tukka! Aika hieno!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Minulla on -structure (= omistusrakenne) has colloquial forms: sinulla on → sulla/sul on. In spoken language the words are pronounced so quickly that two words can sound like one.​
2. It is common to drop the final vowel: uusi → uus. ​
3. Aika serves as an adverb of intensity, similar in meaning to melko, and expresses a mild degree of emphasis, equivalent to "fairly" or "pretty" in English.

"Hei ootsä käyny kampaajalla? Toi leikkaus sopii sulle tosi kivasti."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The verb olla has its colloquial forms: olet → oot.​
2. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in spoken language. However, there are multiple ways how. In second singular (so called sinä-questions) the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: oot-ko → oot-sä.
3. The final -t of the past participle -nut/-nyt can be dropped: käynyt → käyny.​
4. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tuo is replaced with toi in the example.​
5. The personal pronouns have their colloquial variants: sinulle → sulle.​
6. Tosi is a colloquial intensifier (= vahvistussana), more formal would be todella or erittäin.

"Mitäs sinne karonkkaan muuten pitää laittaa päälle? Pitäskö siel olla puku? Musta puku? Kravatti? ​"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. When added to the end of interrogative words, the clitic (= liitepartikkeli) -s adds a tone of familiarity to the question.​
2. Finnish does not have definite or indefinite articles. However, in colloquial speech the pronoun se and sometimes ne are used like definite articles, similar to “the” in English: söin sen sun tuoma kakun 'I ate the cake you brought' / soitin sille asiakkaalle 'I called the client' / meetsä sinne karonkkaan huomenna 'are you going to the doctoral defence tomorrow'.
3. Muuten (= by the way) is used as a discourse marker to draw attention to something that is about to be said.​
4. In colloquial speech, the i sound in the conditional mood suffix -isi- is often omitted, shortening words like pitäisikö to pitäskö.​ In this word we can see two typical phenomena combined: the vowel i has been dropped both from the dipthong äi (pitäi-) and also from the end of verb (pitäisi-).
5. It is common to drop the final vowel in certain cases, especially locative endings such as -lla/-llä. For instance, siellä often becomes shortened to siel.

"Mihin aikaan ne juhlat alkaa? ​"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Finnish does not have definite or indefinite articles. However, in colloquial speech the pronoun se and sometimes ne are used like definite articles, similar to 'the' in English: söin ne sun tuomat keksit 'I ate the cookies you brought'.​

"Mä kuulin että sulla oli eilen synttärit. Paljo onnee!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are used frequently in colloquial speech. 
2. Minulla on -structure (= omistusrakenne) has colloquial forms: sinulla on becomes sulla/sul on.​
3. Colloquial vocabulary: synttärit = syntymäpäivä.
4. Sometimes vowel sequences -ia/-iä and -ea/-eä in the end of the word lose the a/ä and double the i or e: onnea → onnee.​
5. There are many ways to congratulate: Paljon onnea! Onnittelut! Hyvää syntymäpäivää!

"Siis miten tää acquisition lausutaan?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The word siis can be used at the beginning of a question to seek clarification.​
2. The demonstrative pronouns tämä/nämä ja tuo/nuo have colloquial forms, like tämä is replaced with tää in the example.​
3. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are very frequently used in colloquial speech. Check the video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.

"Voisitsä selittää, että mitä ”turvallinen tila” tarkottaa?"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The interrogative ending -ko/-kö changes in spoken language. However, there are multiple ways how. In second singular the -ko/-kö element is missing and instead -sä gets added in the end of the verb: ​
   voisit-ko → voisit-sä.​
2. In colloquial language -i sound can be left out in dipthongs (oi, ai, äi...) ending with -i in the middle of a word:​ tarkoittaa → tarkottaa, punainen → punanen, pitäisi → pitäs.

"Tiekkö mun on tosi vaikea kuulla eroa, että /ˈbæɡ/ ja /bæk/."

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. In colloquial speech -d sounds are sometimes lost: ​tie+dät+kö → tie+kkö.​
2. Tietsä and tiekkö are sometimes used as filler words the same way as in English “you know”.

"Siis ihana ku joku jaksaa puhua noin hitaasti! ​"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. The word siis is used at the beginning of an exclamation to express eagerness or a sense of enthusiasm.​
2. Words ending in -n often shorten: kun → ku.

"Oolrait, mä jatkan matkaa. Tsemppiä hommiin! Nähdään!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Finglish is colloquial: alright → oolrait.​
2. Personal pronouns have colloquial forms: minä → mä. Personal pronouns (mä, sä, se, me, te, ne) are used frequently in colloquial speech.​ Check this video by Kielibuusti for more info: Persoona- ja demonstratiivipronominit puhe- ja kirjakielessä.
3. Colloquial vocabulary:​
   • tsemppi: When you encourage someone in colloquial Finnish, you often say Tsemppiä! which means pretty much Good luck! or Don't give up!
   • homma = puuha, askare, työ, asia = a task.

"Mut hei, siis mun on nyt kyl pakko lähtee. Mut jatketaan tästä. Okei, moikka!"

Colloquial vs standard language: What's happening?

1. Personal pronouns in genitive have colloquial forms: ​minun → mun.​
2. In conversation words like mut (= mutta), hei, siis, nyt and kyl (= kyllä) are commonly used as filler words.

Käytä tulostamiseen digitaalista tiedostoa, älä painotiedostoa. Huomio että tiedoston sivut ovat luotu A5-kokoon. Jos haluat tulostaa pelkästään vinkit tai pelkästään fraasit, käytä erillisiä tiedostoja.

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